Disaster Management

1. Define disaster. Explain the various classification of Disasters with examples.

    Disaster denotes any odd event natural or manmade which brings about immense misery to a region and it becomes difficult to cope up with the situation through local resources.  

Classification of Disaster:

There are two disasters. i) Natural Disasters             ii) Manmade disasters

Manmade disasters:

            a. Accidents: Road, Rail, Sea and Building Collapse.

            b. Industrial Mishaps: Gas Leak, Explosive, Sabotage and Safety breach.

            c. Fire: Building, Coal and Oil

            d. Forest Fire: In tropical countries forest fires are often manmade.

            e. Contamination/Poisoning: Food, Water, illicit-liquor and epidemics.

            f. Terrorists Activities

            g. Ecological: Pollution (air, water, noise), soil degradation, loss of                     biodiversity, global warming, Sea level rise, toxic wastes and nuclear             accidents.

            h. Warfare: Conventional, Chemical and Nuclear

Natural Disasters:

            a. Wind Related: Storm, Cyclone, Tornado, Storm Surge and Tidal Waves.

            b. Water Related: Flood, Cloudburst, Flash Flood, Excessive rains and                       Drought.

            c. Earth Related: Earthquake, Tsunamis, Avalanches, Landslides and                         Volcanoes.

2. What are the services employed in Civil Defence?

   Headquarter service, Warden’s service, Fire fighting, Casualty, Communication, Training, Rescue, Welfare, Depot & Transport, Salvage, Corpse Disposal, Supply.

3. What are the essential services?

     Essential Services are notified by the Government from time to time. Some of          these are:-

          Electricity Supply, Water Supply, Railway, Sanitary Dept., Postal Dept., Telecom Dept., Oil Supply, Hospital, Transport.

4. What NCC Cadets can do in disaster management?

            a. Reach the affected area speedily and assess the situation with reference        to severity and requirements.

            b. Help in restoring law and other in affected area by ensuring even and            speedy distribution of relief.

            c. Provide immediate rescue, first aid and assistance.

            d. Collection, packing, making and speedly dispatch of relief material.

5. Give the priority for removal of debris in case of disaster?

            Priority –I: To remove debris from the damaged entry and exit for                                   emergency services, public health and safety.

            Priority –II: To remove debris that poses a threat to life and safety. E.g.,                          Damage to public structures bridges and road ways.

            Priority –III: To remove debris that cause hindrance to the process of                              rehabilitation of disaster affected area.

            Priority –IV: To remove debris on private property. It is the responsibility of                       the owner to make arrangements for removal of debris from                           his property. Efforts will be made to provide all necessary                             assistance required.

6. List out any five stores required for Fire Fighting.

    i. Fire extinguishers ii. Poles fitted with hooks iii. Buckets iv. Sand v. Earth

7. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

            a. Fire will not burn in the absence of Oxygen.

            b. Radiation can be controlled by the water curtain between the fire and                     the objects.

            c. Gaint waves caused by an undersea earthquake are called Tsunamis.

                d. If you are in a train during an enemy air attack, switch off the lights               and crawl under the seat.

    e. Foam type and Dry Chemical powder extinguishers are used where              blanketing the fire to isolate it from oxygen (air) is required.

    f. During a ‘Flood warning’ all electrical appliances must be                                       Disconnected/removed.

g. The nodal agency for flood forecasting in India is Central Water                              Commission (CWC).

8. List out any five groups that are formed by NCC cadets for disaster management during floods/cyclones.

  i. Relief Group             ii. Warning Group       iii. Shelter Management Group

  iv. Evacuation and Rescue Groups                 v. First Aid Medical Groups

  vi. Sanitation Group                                      vii. Carcass Disposal Group

9. List out any five agencies from whom relief material flows with generocity during disasters.

i. Central Govt. organizations including Defence Services    

ii. State Govt. Organisations              

iii. Non Govt. Organisations (NGO’s)                          

iv. Educational institutions    

v. Social Welfare Organisations                                              

vi. Red Cross                           

vii. International Organisations like WHO etc.                       

viii. Individuals

10. What are the parties involved in the fire fighting?

            Fire fighting party, Fire piquet party, Salvage party, Reserve party

11. What is the aim of aid to civil authority?

            To help the civil authority during war and natural calamities

12. What is Civil defence?

The effort taken by the people to protect themselves, to save life, to minimize damages to property, to maintain continuity of production and keep the morale of the people in a disaster war or natural calamity is called civil defence. It is the defence of a citizen by the citizen.